Citadel and Tower
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13"x19" signed print: archival pigmented inks on matte watercolor paper The walls, towers, and minaret of the Citadel have symbolized Jerusalem for centuries. Earliest settlements in this area date to seventh century b.c.e. The Citadel was incorporated into the city walls by the Hasmoneans in the late-second century b.c.e. Herod added three towers, reinforced the walls, and built his palace south of the towers. In 6 c.e., the Romans used the palace as their Praetorium, where Pilate judged Jesus (Jn. 18:28-19:16) It served as the Roman Tenth Legion garrison for 200 years, and was the residence of the Crusader kings in 1128. Under Islamic rule, the Citadel was rebuilt several times. Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad's (1309-1340) extensive additions included a mosque on the southwest corner built above a Crusader hall. Suleiman II's minaret (1531) was also called the "Tower of David " from the nineteenth century. Used as a post office and a barracks by the Turks, it now houses the Museum of the City of Jerusalem.